Table 1 Differential diagnosis of acute encephalomyelopathy after bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia
Metabolic, nutrient and electrolyte disturbances |
|---|
Treatment side-effects |
Cyclosporin (posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome) |
Amphotericin (parkinsonism) |
Radiation sequelae (arteriopathy, vacuolating encephalomyelopathy) |
Infections |
Viruses (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV6, HHV7, JC, BK, adenovirus, West Nile Virus) |
Parasites (Toxoplasma, amoeba) |
Fungi (Aspergillus, Candida) |
Bacteria (abcesses, Listeria, Mycoplasma, TB) |
CNS relapse of leukaemia |
Inflammation |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis |
Multiple sclerosis |
Vasculitides (SLE, CNS angiitis) |
Haemorrhage/infarction |
Thrombocytopoenic thrombotic purpura |
Secondary to radiation arteriopathy |
Idiopathic subarachnoid and subdural haemorrhage |